Satire: Its styles, varieties and devices.

 Satire: Its styles, varieties and devices.
SATIRICAL designs
Direct sarcasm is directly explicit
Indirect sarcasm is communicated through characters in an exceedingly state of affairs

TYPES OF sarcasm
There area unit 2 forms of sarcasm.
Horatian:
Horatian sarcasm is tolerant, funny, subtle humourous, wise, unassertive and aims to correct through humor. Named for the Roman ridiculer from the Augustan amount in Rome, Horace, this playfully criticizes some social vice through light, mild, and light-hearted humour. It directs wit, exaggeration, and apologetic humour toward what it identifies as folly, instead of evil. Horatian satire's sympathetic tone is common in fashionable society.
Juvenalian:
Juvenalian sarcasm is angry, caustic, personal, relentless, bitter, and high. Named once Augustan period’s Roman ridiculer satirist, this kind of sarcasm is additional disdainful and abrasive than the Horatian. Juvenalian sarcasm provokes a darker quite laughter; addresses social evil and points with contempt to the corruption of men and establishments through scorn, outrage, and savage ridicule. this type is commonly pessimistic , characterised by irony, sarcasm, ethical ire and private vitriol, with less stress on humour.

SATIRICAL DEVICES

1. Humor:
Exaggeration or overstatement: one thing that will happen, however is exaggerated to absurd lengths. this can be the foremost common form of sarcasm. as an example, a caricature, the formalized walk of filmmaker.
Understatement: an announcement that looks incomplete or but truthful given the facts. assume witticism with the intentions of evoking amendment. as an example, Fielding’s description of a grossly fat and abominably ugly Mrs. Slipslop: “She wasn't remarkably handsome.”
Incongruity: A marked lack of correspondence or agreement.
Deflation: country faculty member mispronounces a word, the President slips and bangs his head deed the heavier-than-air craft, etc.
Linguistic games / Malapropism: A deliberate pronunciation of a reputation or term with the intent of jab fun; weird rhymes, etc.
Surprise: Twist endings, sudden events
2. Irony: Literary device transference the alternative of what's expected; within which there's associate degree incongruousness or discordance between what one says or will, and what one means that or what's typically understood. it's lighter, less harsh in diction than witticism, tho' additional cutting thanks to its characteristic. as an example, oleomargarine reading “Fretful Mother” as she ignores her kid.

The ability to acknowledge irony is one among the surest tests of intelligence and class. Irony speaks words of praise to imply blame and words of blame to imply praise. author is employing a tongue-in-cheek vogue. Irony is achieved through such techniques as figure and statement.
Verbal Irony: merely associate degree inversion of that means
Dramatic Irony: once the words or acts of a personality carry a that means unnoticed by himself however understood by the audience. The irony resides within the distinction between the that means meant by the speaker and also the accessorial significance seen by others.
Socratic Irony: Socrates fictive cognitive content of a topic so as to draw data out of his students by an issue and answer device. irony is feigning cognitive content to realize some advantage over associate degree opponent.
Situational Irony: Depends on a discrepancy between purpose and results. Example: a antic that backfires is situational irony.
3. Invective: defamation, harsh, abusive language directed against an individual or cause. vitriol could be a vehicle, a tool of anger. it's the bitterest of all sarcasm.

4. Mock Encomium: Praise that is merely apparent and that suggests blame instead.

5. Grotesque: making a tension between laughter and horror or revulsion; the essence of all “sick humor: or “black humor”

6. Comic Juxtaposition: Linking along with no comment things that ordinarily don't go together; Pope’s line in Rape of the Lock: “Puffs, patches, bibles, and billet-doux”.

7. Mock Epic / Mock Heroic: victimisation elevated diction and devices from the epic or the heroic to affect low or trivial subjects.

8. Parody: A mocking imitation, composition imitating or burlesquing another, typically serious, piece of labor. Designed to ridicule in nonsensical fashion an imaginative piece of labor. Parody is in literature what the caricature and cartoon area unit in art.

9. Inflation: Taking a real-life state of affairs and processing it out of proportion to create it ridiculous and showcase its faults.

10. Diminution: Taking a real-life state of affairs and reducing it to create it ridiculous and showcase its faults.

11. Absurdity: one thing that sounds like it'd ne'er happen, but could.

12. Wit or word play: The title The Importance of Being Earnest. it's a play on the word “earnest”, that means honest, and also the name “Earnest”.

13. Euphemism: The substitution of associate degree inoffensive term for one that's offensive.

14. 1Travesty: Presents a significant (often religious) subject frivolously it reduces everything to its lowest level. “Trans”= over, across “vestire” = to dress or dress. Presenting a topic in an exceedingly dress meant for an additional form of subject.

15. Burlesque: Ridiculous exaggeration achieved through a spread of the way. as an example, magnanimousness is also absurd, honest emotions is also turned to sentimentality. vogue is that the essential quality in burlesque. a method commonly dignified is also used for nonsensical matters, etc.

16. Farce: Exciting laughter through exaggerated, inconceivable things. This typically contains low comedy: quarreling, fighting, coarse with, horseplay, clanging singing, boisterous conduct, trickery, clownishness, drunkenness, slap-stick.

17. Sarcasm: A sharply mocking or disdainful remark. The term came from the Greek word “sarkazein” which implies “to tear flesh.”

18. Knaves & Fools: In comedy there are not any villains and no innocent victims. Instead, there area unit rogues (knaves) and suckers (fools). The knave exploits somebody “asking for it”. once these 2 act, comic sarcasm results. once knaves & fools meet, they expose one another.

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